🇪🇸 Spanish People Vocabulary: Your Family, Body & Beyond!
Imagine you’re building a big, colorful family tree made of words. Each branch holds a new Spanish word that helps you describe the people you love, what they look like, what they wear, and how to help them when they’re sick!
🏠 Family Vocabulary (La Familia)
Think of your family like a team. Everyone has a special name!
The Core Family Tree
| English | Spanish | Say It Like… |
|---|---|---|
| Mother | Madre (mamá) | mah-DREH |
| Father | Padre (papá) | PAH-dreh |
| Sister | Hermana | air-MAH-nah |
| Brother | Hermano | air-MAH-noh |
| Grandmother | Abuela | ah-BWEH-lah |
| Grandfather | Abuelo | ah-BWEH-loh |
| Aunt | Tía | TEE-ah |
| Uncle | Tío | TEE-oh |
| Cousin | Primo/Prima | PREE-moh/mah |
🌟 Story Time!
Little Carlos runs to his abuela (grandmother). She gives him a cookie. His hermana (sister) Maria wants one too! Their padre (father) laughs and says “¡Familia feliz!” (Happy family!)
Quick Pattern 🧩
Boy family members end in -o (hermano, abuelo, tío) Girl family members end in -a (hermana, abuela, tía)
🎨 Describing People (Descripciones)
How do you tell someone what your friend looks like? Use these magic describing words!
Height & Size
| English | Spanish | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Tall | Alto/Alta | Mi papá es alto |
| Short | Bajo/Baja | El niño es bajo |
| Fat | Gordo/Gorda | El gato es gordo |
| Thin | Delgado/Delgada | Ella es delgada |
Hair (El Pelo)
| English | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Long hair | Pelo largo |
| Short hair | Pelo corto |
| Curly hair | Pelo rizado |
| Straight hair | Pelo liso |
| Blond hair | Pelo rubio |
| Brown hair | Pelo castaño |
| Black hair | Pelo negro |
| Red hair | Pelo pelirrojo |
Eyes & Face
| English | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Blue eyes | Ojos azules |
| Brown eyes | Ojos marrones |
| Green eyes | Ojos verdes |
| Big eyes | Ojos grandes |
| Beautiful | Guapo/Guapa |
| Young | Joven |
| Old | Viejo/Vieja |
🌟 Example Sentence
“Mi hermana es alta, tiene pelo largo y negro, y ojos verdes.” (My sister is tall, has long black hair, and green eyes.)
🌈 Colors (Los Colores)
Colors are everywhere! Let’s paint the world in Spanish!
🔴 Rojo (ROH-hoh) = Red
🟠 Naranja (nah-RAHN-hah) = Orange
🟡 Amarillo (ah-mah-REE-yoh) = Yellow
🟢 Verde (BEHR-deh) = Green
🔵 Azul (ah-SOOL) = Blue
🟣 Morado (moh-RAH-doh) = Purple
⚫ Negro (NEH-groh) = Black
⚪ Blanco (BLAHN-koh) = White
🟤 Marrón (mah-ROHN) = Brown
🩷 Rosa (ROH-sah) = Pink
🩶 Gris (GREES) = Gray
Color Magic Rule ✨
Colors change based on what they describe!
| Thing | Example |
|---|---|
| Red car (masculine) | El carro rojo |
| Red flower (feminine) | La flor roja |
| Two red cars | Los carros rojos |
| Two red flowers | Las flores rojas |
👕 Clothing Vocabulary (La Ropa)
What are you wearing today? Let’s dress up in Spanish!
Everyday Clothes
| English | Spanish | Pronunciation |
|---|---|---|
| Shirt | Camisa | kah-MEE-sah |
| T-shirt | Camiseta | kah-mee-SEH-tah |
| Pants | Pantalones | pahn-tah-LOH-nehs |
| Dress | Vestido | behs-TEE-doh |
| Skirt | Falda | FAHL-dah |
| Shoes | Zapatos | sah-PAH-tohs |
| Socks | Calcetines | kahl-seh-TEE-nehs |
| Hat | Sombrero | sohm-BREH-roh |
| Jacket | Chaqueta | chah-KEH-tah |
| Sweater | Suéter | SWEH-tehr |
Accessories
| English | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Glasses | Gafas |
| Watch | Reloj |
| Belt | Cinturón |
| Scarf | Bufanda |
🌟 Getting Dressed Story
María gets ready for school. She puts on her camiseta (t-shirt) azul, her pantalones (pants) negros, and her zapatos (shoes) blancos. “¡Lista!” she says. Ready!
The Magic Verb: Llevar (to wear)
- Yo llevo una camisa = I wear a shirt
- Ella lleva un vestido = She wears a dress
- Ellos llevan sombreros = They wear hats
🦴 Body Parts (El Cuerpo)
Your body is like a machine with many parts. Each part has a Spanish name!
graph TD A["La Cabeza<br>Head"] --> B["El Cuello<br>Neck"] B --> C["Los Hombros<br>Shoulders"] C --> D["Los Brazos<br>Arms"] D --> E["Las Manos<br>Hands"] C --> F["El Pecho<br>Chest"] F --> G["El Estómago<br>Stomach"] G --> H["Las Piernas<br>Legs"] H --> I["Los Pies<br>Feet"]
Head & Face (La Cabeza y La Cara)
| English | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Head | La cabeza |
| Face | La cara |
| Hair | El pelo |
| Eyes | Los ojos |
| Ears | Las orejas |
| Nose | La nariz |
| Mouth | La boca |
| Teeth | Los dientes |
| Tongue | La lengua |
Upper Body
| English | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Neck | El cuello |
| Shoulders | Los hombros |
| Arms | Los brazos |
| Hands | Las manos |
| Fingers | Los dedos |
| Back | La espalda |
| Chest | El pecho |
| Stomach | El estómago |
Lower Body
| English | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Legs | Las piernas |
| Knees | Las rodillas |
| Feet | Los pies |
| Toes | Los dedos del pie |
🌟 Body Song Tip!
“Cabeza, hombros, rodillas, pies” (Head, shoulders, knees, feet) Sing it to remember!
🏥 Health and Illness (La Salud)
Everyone gets sick sometimes. Here’s how to talk about it!
Feeling Sick
| English | Spanish | Example |
|---|---|---|
| I’m sick | Estoy enfermo/a | Estoy enfermo hoy |
| It hurts | Me duele | Me duele la cabeza |
| I have a cold | Tengo un resfriado | - |
| I have a fever | Tengo fiebre | - |
| I have a cough | Tengo tos | - |
The Magic Phrase: “Me duele…” (It hurts me…)
| Pain | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Headache | Me duele la cabeza |
| Stomachache | Me duele el estómago |
| Throat hurts | Me duele la garganta |
| Ear hurts | Me duele el oído |
| Tooth hurts | Me duele el diente |
At the Doctor
| English | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Doctor | El médico / La médica |
| Nurse | El enfermero / La enfermera |
| Hospital | El hospital |
| Medicine | La medicina |
| Pharmacy | La farmacia |
🌟 Sick Day Story
Pablo wakes up and says “Mamá, me duele la cabeza” (my head hurts). His mother takes him to el médico (the doctor). The doctor gives him medicina (medicine). “Descansa mucho” (rest a lot), she says.
🚨 Emergency Vocabulary (Emergencias)
When something is wrong, these words can save the day!
Emergency Numbers to Know
In Spanish-speaking countries, emergency numbers vary:
- Spain: 112 (all emergencies)
- Mexico: 911
- Most Latin America: 911 or local numbers
Critical Emergency Phrases
| English | Spanish | Say It Clearly! |
|---|---|---|
| Help! | ¡Ayuda! | ah-YOO-dah |
| Emergency! | ¡Emergencia! | eh-mehr-HEHN-syah |
| Call the police! | ¡Llame a la policía! | YAH-meh ah lah poh-lee-SEE-ah |
| Call an ambulance! | ¡Llame una ambulancia! | YAH-meh OO-nah ahm-boo-LAHN-syah |
| Fire! | ¡Fuego! | FWEH-goh |
| I need a doctor | Necesito un médico | neh-seh-SEE-toh oon MEH-dee-koh |
Emergency Helpers
| English | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Police | La policía |
| Firefighter | El bombero / La bombera |
| Ambulance | La ambulancia |
| Paramedic | El paramédico |
Important Phrases
| English | Spanish |
|---|---|
| I’m lost | Estoy perdido/a |
| I need help | Necesito ayuda |
| Where is the hospital? | ¿Dónde está el hospital? |
| It’s an emergency | Es una emergencia |
| Please hurry! | ¡Por favor, rápido! |
🌟 Being Prepared
Little Ana was at the park when she saw someone fall. She ran to an adult and said “¡Ayuda! ¡Necesito un médico!” (Help! I need a doctor!). The adult called la ambulancia (the ambulance). Ana was a hero because she knew the right words!
🎯 Quick Review: The Word Family Tree
graph TD A["People Vocabulary"] --> B["👨👩👧 Family"] A --> C["🎨 Descriptions"] A --> D["🌈 Colors"] A --> E["👕 Clothing"] A --> F["🦴 Body Parts"] A --> G["🏥 Health"] A --> H["🚨 Emergency"] B --> B1["madre, padre<br>hermano, hermana<br>abuelo, abuela"] C --> C1["alto, bajo<br>pelo largo, ojos azules"] D --> D1["rojo, azul, verde<br>amarillo, negro"] E --> E1["camisa, pantalones<br>zapatos, vestido"] F --> F1["cabeza, brazos<br>piernas, manos"] G --> G1["me duele, enfermo<br>médico, medicina"] H --> H1["¡Ayuda!, policía<br>ambulancia"]
💡 Remember These Patterns!
-
-o/-a Rule: Boy words end in -o, girl words end in -a
- hermano/hermana, abuelo/abuela, alto/alta
-
“Me duele” + body part: To say something hurts
- Me duele la cabeza = My head hurts
-
“Llevar” for clothes: To talk about wearing
- Llevo una camisa azul = I wear a blue shirt
-
Colors match the noun:
- El zapato rojo (red shoe - masculine)
- La camisa roja (red shirt - feminine)
🌟 You Did It!
You now know how to:
- ✅ Name your family members in Spanish
- ✅ Describe what people look like
- ✅ Say all the colors
- ✅ Talk about clothes you wear
- ✅ Name all your body parts
- ✅ Tell the doctor what hurts
- ✅ Ask for help in an emergency
¡Felicidades! (Congratulations!) You’re ready to talk about people in Spanish!
Remember: Every Spanish word you learn is a new superpower. Keep practicing, and soon these words will feel as natural as your own name! 🚀