NFT Standards

🎨 NFT Standards: Your Digital Art Certificate

Imagine you drew the most amazing picture ever. How do you prove it’s YOUR picture? NFT standards are like special certificate rules that prove you own digital stuff!

🏠 The Big Picture: What Are NFT Standards?

Think of NFT standards like rules for making trading cards.

Every trading card company follows rules:

• Each card has a unique number
• Each card shows who owns it
• Each card can be traded or sold

NFT standards are the same—but for digital things like art, music, and game items!

graph TD
    A["Digital Art"] --> B["NFT Standard"]
    B --> C["Proves You Own It"]
    B --> D["Shows Who Made It"]
    B --> E["Can Be Traded"]

🎫 ERC-721: The Original NFT Certificate

What Is ERC-721?

ERC-721 is like a birth certificate for digital items.

Each certificate is completely unique. No two are ever the same!

Simple Example:

• You draw a picture of your dog
• You make it an ERC-721 NFT
• Now there’s proof that ONE special copy exists
• And YOU own it!

Why Is It Special?

Real Life Example

🎨 Your Digital Art
    ↓
📜 ERC-721 Certificate Says:
    - Token ID: #12345 (unique number)
    - Owner: Your wallet address
    - Creator: Your wallet address
    - Time created: December 2024

📝 NFT Metadata: The Information Tag

What Is Metadata?

Metadata is like a name tag for your NFT.

When you buy a toy, it has a tag that says:

• Name of toy
• Picture of toy
• Where it was made

NFT metadata works the same way!

What’s Inside Metadata?

graph TD
    A["NFT Metadata"] --> B["Name"]
    A --> C["Description"]
    A --> D["Image Link"]
    A --> E["Special Traits"]

Simple Example

{
  "name": "Cool Cat #42",
  "description": "A happy orange cat",
  "image": "https://..../cat42.png",
  "attributes": [
    {"trait_type": "Color", "value": "Orange"},
    {"trait_type": "Hat", "value": "Party Hat"}
  ]
}

Translation for Kids:

• Name: “Cool Cat #42” (the cat’s name)
• Description: What the cat looks like
• Image: Where to find the picture
• Attributes: Special things about this cat!

🎂 NFT Minting: Creating Your NFT

What Is Minting?

Minting is like baking a cake!

You take your ingredients (your art), put them in the oven (blockchain), and out comes a finished cake (your NFT)!

graph TD
    A["Your Art 🎨"] --> B["Upload to Blockchain 📤"]
    B --> C["Smart Contract Creates Token 📜"]
    C --> D["Your NFT is Born! 🎉"]

Step By Step

Simple Code Example

// Minting is like saying:
// "Hey blockchain, make a
// certificate for my art!"

mint(yourWalletAddress, tokenId);

// Now you have NFT #tokenId!

🔄 NFT Transfers: Sending Your NFT

What Is Transferring?

Transferring is like giving your trading card to a friend.

The card moves from YOUR collection to THEIR collection.

How It Works

graph LR
    A["Your Wallet 👛"] --> B["Transfer Function ➡️"]
    B --> C[Friend's Wallet 👛]

Two Ways to Transfer

1. Direct Transfer (Like Handing Over)

You → Friend
(Simple! You just give it.)

2. Approved Transfer (Like Using a Helper)

You → Approve Helper → Helper gives to Friend
(Useful for marketplaces!)

Real Example

// Direct transfer
transferFrom(
  yourAddress,    // From you
  friendAddress,  // To friend
  tokenId         // Which NFT
);

// Approved transfer
approve(helperAddress, tokenId);
// Now helper can transfer for you!

🎁 ERC-1155: The Multi-Token Magic Box

What Is ERC-1155?

ERC-1155 is like a magic toy box that can hold:

• Unique toys (like ERC-721)
• AND copies of the same toy (like regular tokens)

ALL in ONE box!

Why Is This Cool?

Simple Example

graph TD
    A["ERC-1155 Game Items"] --> B["Sword #1 - Unique!"]
    A --> C["Health Potions - 100 copies"]
    A --> D["Gold Coins - 10,000 copies"]
    A --> E["Dragon Egg #7 - Unique!"]

Real World: In a video game, you might have:

• 1 legendary sword (unique)
• 50 health potions (same item, many copies)
• 1000 gold coins (fungible money)

ERC-1155 handles ALL of these!

💰 ERC-2981: The Royalty Rule

What Are Royalties?

Royalties are like a thank-you payment to the artist.

Every time someone sells your art, YOU get a little piece!

How It Works

graph TD
    A["You Create Art 🎨"] --> B["Set 5% Royalty"]
    B --> C["Sell for $100"]
    C --> D["Future Sale: $1000"]
    D --> E["You Get $50! 💵"]

Why Royalties Matter

Simple Example

// Setting 5% royalty
royaltyInfo(tokenId, salePrice)
// Returns: (artistAddress, 5% of price)

// If someone sells for $1000:
// → Artist gets $50 automatically!

Real Life

Imagine you draw a picture and sell it for $10.

• Year later, buyer sells for $100
• You get $5! (5% royalty)
• 5 years later, it sells for $10,000
• You get $500!

You keep earning forever! 🎉

📦 Batch Transfers: Send Many At Once

What Is Batch Transfer?

Batch transfer is like packing multiple gifts in one box.

Instead of sending 10 packages, you send 1 big package with everything inside!

Why Use Batch Transfers?

How It Saves Money

Every blockchain action costs “gas” (fees).

graph LR
    A["10 Transfers"] --> B["10 × Gas Fee 💸💸💸"]
    C["1 Batch Transfer"] --> D["1 × Gas Fee 💵"]

Simple Example

// Instead of calling transfer 5 times:
// transfer(item1), transfer(item2)...

// Use ONE batch call:
safeBatchTransferFrom(
  fromAddress,
  toAddress,
  [id1, id2, id3, id4, id5],  // All IDs
  [1, 1, 1, 1, 1],            // Amounts
  data
);

// 5 items moved in 1 transaction!

Real World Use

A game wants to give you a starter pack:

• 1 sword
• 10 potions
• 100 gold coins

Without batch: 3 separate transactions (expensive!) With batch: 1 transaction for everything (cheap!)

🎯 Quick Summary

🌟 You Did It!

Now you understand how digital art certificates work!

Remember:

• ERC-721 = One unique item
• ERC-1155 = Many types, one contract
• ERC-2981 = Artists get paid forever
• Batch = Save money, send many!

You’re ready to explore the world of NFTs! 🚀